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Question 108 of 169 · World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies
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The Shimla Agreement between India and Pakistan, signed by Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto after the Bangladesh war, was signed in:

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Answer: Option D — 1972

Detailed Solution

The Shimla Agreement (Simla Agreement) was signed by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of India and President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan at Shimla on 2 July 1972.

Background:

  • In December 1971, India and Pakistan fought a war over East Pakistan, where the people were struggling for independence.
  • Pakistan's forces in the east surrendered at Dhaka on 16 December 1971, and Bangladesh became an independent country.
  • India took about 93,000 Pakistani soldiers and civilians as prisoners of war, and occupied some territory in the west.

The talks:

  • The summit was held at Shimla from 28 June to 2 July 1972.
  • The agreement was signed late at night at the Barnes Court (now Raj Bhavan) in Shimla.

Main provisions:

  • The two countries agreed to settle their differences by peaceful means, through bilateral negotiations.
  • They agreed to respect each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty, and not to interfere in each other's internal affairs.
  • They agreed to stop hostile propaganda against each other.
  • Both sides agreed to withdraw their forces to their side of the international border.
  • In Jammu and Kashmir, the ceasefire line of 17 December 1971 was renamed the "Line of Control" (LoC), and both sides agreed not to change it unilaterally.
  • Steps were to be taken to restore communications, trade, travel and cultural exchanges.

Results:

  • India returned the territory it had occupied in the west.
  • The prisoners of war were returned to Pakistan later, after the Delhi Agreement of 1973.
  • India regards the agreement as the basis for bilateral talks on Kashmir, without the involvement of third parties.

About Zulfikar Ali Bhutto:

  • He was the founder of the Pakistan Peoples Party, and later became Prime Minister of Pakistan.
  • He was overthrown in a military coup in 1977, and executed in 1979.
  • His daughter, Benazir Bhutto, later became Prime Minister of Pakistan.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1966 was the year of an earlier peace agreement after the 1965 war; 1971 was the year of the war; 1999 was the year of the Lahore Declaration.

Quick tip

Remember: Shimla Agreement = 2 July 1972 (Indira Gandhi and Z. A. Bhutto); ceasefire line renamed Line of Control; bilateral settlement of disputes.

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World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers world GK: countries with their capitals, currencies and parliaments, national symbols, famous landmarks, the longest, largest and highest features of the world, and international boundary lines such as the Radcliffe, McMahon and Durand Lines. The most common questions match a country with its capital or currency, or a parliament with its name (such as the Knesset of Israel or the Diet of Japan). Revise countries continent by continent, giving extra attention to India's neighbours. Questions on boundary lines usually ask which two countries a line separates. Practise the world GK questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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