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Question 22 of 30 · Biodiversity, National Parks & Wildlife
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State PCS

India's first National Centre for Marine Biodiversity (NCMB) is situated at:

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Answer: Option B — Jamnagar, Gujarat

Detailed Solution

India's first National Centre for Marine Biodiversity (NCMB) has been set up at Jamnagar, Gujarat, on the coast of the Gulf of Kutch.

About the NCMB:

  • It is a centre for research, conservation and awareness about marine biodiversity, especially coral reefs, mangroves, seagrasses and marine animals.
  • It is located near the Marine National Park and Marine Sanctuary in the Gulf of Kutch.
  • It works to study and protect the rich marine life of the Gulf of Kutch, train researchers and forest staff, and educate the public about the importance of marine ecosystems.

About the Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch:

  • It was declared a marine sanctuary in 1980 and a marine national park in 1982.
  • It was India's first marine national park.
  • It covers 42 islands in the Gulf of Kutch, off the coast of Jamnagar district.
  • It is home to coral reefs, mangroves, sea turtles, dugongs, dolphins, octopuses, sea anemones, sponges, starfish and many birds.
  • Pirotan Island is a popular place to see marine life at low tide.

About Jamnagar:

  • It is known for the world's largest oil refinery complex, run by Reliance Industries.
  • The WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine is being set up in Jamnagar (its foundation stone was laid in 2022).
  • The Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar, is an Institution of National Importance.
  • The "Vantara" animal rescue and rehabilitation centre is located near Jamnagar.

Other important marine institutions of India:

  • National Institute of Oceanography (NIO): Goa (1966).
  • Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology (CMLRE): Kochi.
  • Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI): Kochi.
  • Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS): Hyderabad; it issues tsunami warnings.
  • National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR): Goa.
  • Zoological Survey of India's Marine Biology Regional Centre: Chennai.

Other marine national parks of India:

  • Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park (Tamil Nadu).
  • Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (Wandoor, Andaman).
  • Rani Jhansi Marine National Park (Andaman).

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Kochi has the CMFRI and CMLRE.
  • ✗Port Blair has marine national parks nearby, but not the NCMB.
  • ✗Goa has the National Institute of Oceanography.

Quick tip

Remember: first National Centre for Marine Biodiversity = Jamnagar, Gujarat (near the Gulf of Kutch Marine National Park, India's first marine national park, 1982); NIO = Goa; INCOIS = Hyderabad; CMFRI = Kochi.

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Biodiversity, National Parks & Wildlife — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Biodiversity, National Parks & Wildlife, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers biodiversity and its conservation: biodiversity hotspots, endangered and endemic species, the IUCN Red List, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, India's national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, tiger reserves and biosphere reserves, and wildlife conservation projects. Questions commonly ask in which state a national park is located and which animal it is known for (Kaziranga in Assam for the one-horned rhinoceros, and Gir in Gujarat for the Asiatic lion), when Project Tiger began (1973), and which regions of India are biodiversity hotspots. The number of protected areas changes as new ones are declared, so check the latest lists. Practise the biodiversity and conservation questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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