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Question 27 of 30 · Biodiversity, National Parks & Wildlife
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PETA India (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) was started in the year:

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Answer: Option D — 2000

Detailed Solution

PETA India (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals India) was established in January 2000.

About PETA India:

  • It is based in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
  • It is an affiliate of PETA (USA), the world's largest animal rights organisation.
  • It works on the principle that "animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment or abuse in any other way".

Its campaigns in India include:

  • Opposing the use of animals in circuses and for entertainment, such as elephant rides.
  • Opposing cruelty to animals in the leather and meat industries.
  • Promoting a vegan or vegetarian lifestyle.

Opposing animal testing of cosmetics. In 2014, India became the first country in South Asia to ban the testing of cosmetics on animals.

Opposing practices such as Jallikattu (bull-taming in Tamil Nadu) and bull races.

Campaigning for street animals and against the illegal sale of wildlife.

Promoting the use of mechanical elephants in temples; in 2023, it gifted a lifelike mechanical elephant, "Irinjadappilly Raman", to a temple in Kerala.

About PETA (USA):

  • It was founded in 1980 by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco in the USA.
  • Its headquarters is in Norfolk, Virginia, USA.

About animal welfare laws in India:

  • Article 51A(g) of the Constitution: it is a fundamental duty of citizens to have compassion for living creatures.
  • Article 48: a Directive Principle to prohibit the slaughter of cows and calves and to improve breeds.
  • The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960.
  • The Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI): set up in 1962 under this Act; it was founded by Rukmini Devi Arundale and is headquartered in Ballabhgarh, Haryana (earlier in Chennai).
  • The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
  • The Supreme Court, in 2023, upheld the Tamil Nadu law allowing Jallikattu.

Other animal-related organisations:

  • Blue Cross of India: Chennai (1959).
  • People for Animals (PFA): founded by Maneka Gandhi.
  • World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF): Gland, Switzerland (1961).
  • World Animal Day: 4 October.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗1980 is the year PETA was founded in the USA.
  • ✗1992 is not linked to PETA India.
  • ✗2010 is not linked to PETA India.

Quick tip

Remember: PETA India = 2000 (Mumbai; affiliate of PETA USA, founded 1980 by Ingrid Newkirk); Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act = 1960; Animal Welfare Board = 1962; Article 51A(g) = compassion for living creatures.

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Biodiversity, National Parks & Wildlife — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of Biodiversity, National Parks & Wildlife, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers biodiversity and its conservation: biodiversity hotspots, endangered and endemic species, the IUCN Red List, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, India's national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, tiger reserves and biosphere reserves, and wildlife conservation projects. Questions commonly ask in which state a national park is located and which animal it is known for (Kaziranga in Assam for the one-horned rhinoceros, and Gir in Gujarat for the Asiatic lion), when Project Tiger began (1973), and which regions of India are biodiversity hotspots. The number of protected areas changes as new ones are declared, so check the latest lists. Practise the biodiversity and conservation questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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