Railway
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States are members of the:
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Answer: Option B — G7
Detailed Solution
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States are the seven members of the Group of Seven (G7).
About the G7:
- It is an informal forum of seven of the world's most advanced (industrialised) democracies.
- Its origin lies in a meeting of finance ministers in 1973, after the oil crisis and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system.
- The first summit was held in 1975 at Rambouillet, France, with six countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK and the USA (G6).
- Canada joined in 1976, making it the G7.
- The European Union has taken part in G7 meetings since 1977 as a "non-enumerated" member.
Russia joined in 1997, making it the G8, but it was suspended in 2014 after it annexed Crimea. The group returned to being the G7.
It has no permanent secretariat or headquarters. The presidency rotates every year among the members, and the country holding the presidency hosts the summit.
It discusses global economic policy, trade, security, climate change, energy and health.
India and the G7:
India is not a member, but it has been invited as an "outreach" or guest country to many G7 summits, for example in 2019 (Biarritz, France), 2021 (UK), 2022 (Germany), 2023 (Hiroshima, Japan), 2024 (Italy) and 2025 (Kananaskis, Canada).
About the G20:
- It was formed in 1999 after the Asian financial crisis, as a forum of finance ministers and central bank governors.
- It was upgraded to a leaders' summit in 2008 (Washington).
- Its members are 19 countries, the European Union and, since 2023, the African Union.
India held the G20 presidency in 2022-23 and hosted the summit in New Delhi in September 2023, under the theme "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam - One Earth, One Family, One Future". The African Union became a permanent member at this summit.
Other groups:
- BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (expanded from 2024).
- G77: a group of developing countries at the UN, formed in 1964.
Why not the other options?
- ✗The G20 includes these seven countries and many more, such as India, China and Brazil.
- ✗The OECD has 38 members, including these seven.
- ✗NATO is a military alliance; Japan is not a member.
Quick tip
Remember: G7 = Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA (first summit 1975 Rambouillet; Canada joined 1976; Russia suspended 2014); G20 = 1999 (India hosted 2023, African Union admitted); India = outreach guest at G7.
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.