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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 is related to:
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Answer: Option D — Sustainable cities and communities
Detailed Solution
SDG 11 aims to "make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable".
About SDG 11:
It is the "urban goal" among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
Its targets, to be achieved by 2030, include:
- Access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services, and upgrading slums.
- Access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems, especially public transport.
- Inclusive and sustainable urbanisation and participatory planning.
- Protecting and safeguarding the world's cultural and natural heritage.
- Reducing deaths and losses caused by disasters, including water-related disasters.
- Reducing the environmental impact of cities, with attention to air quality and waste management.
- Universal access to safe, inclusive green and public spaces, especially for women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities.
Why SDG 11 matters:
- More than half of the world's population now lives in cities, and the share is expected to rise to about two-thirds by 2050.
- Cities produce a large share of greenhouse gas emissions and consume most of the world's energy.
India's urban programmes related to SDG 11:
- Smart Cities Mission (2015): 100 smart cities.
- AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation, 2015) and AMRUT 2.0 (2021).
- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (2015): housing for all.
- Swachh Bharat Mission - Urban (2014) and 2.0 (2021).
- HRIDAY (2015): heritage city development.
- National Clean Air Programme (2019).
- According to Census 2011, about 31 per cent of India's population lived in urban areas.
- The "New Urban Agenda" was adopted at the UN Habitat III conference in Quito, Ecuador, in 2016.
- UN-Habitat, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, is the UN agency for human settlements.
- World Cities Day is observed on 31 October, and World Habitat Day on the first Monday of October.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Life below water is SDG 14.
- ✗Climate action is SDG 13.
- ✗Reduced inequalities is SDG 10.
Quick tip
Remember: SDG 11 = Sustainable Cities and Communities ("inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable"); SDG 13 = Climate Action; SDG 14 = Life Below Water; SDG 15 = Life on Land; UN-Habitat = Nairobi; World Cities Day = 31 October.
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International Economic Organisations — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of International Economic Organisations, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers international economic and financial organisations: the IMF, the World Bank group, the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the New Development Bank, the AIIB, OPEC, the OECD and groupings such as the G20, along with their headquarters, founding and functions. Questions usually ask where an organisation is headquartered, when it was set up, and what it does. For example, the IMF and World Bank were created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, the WTO replaced GATT in 1995, and the New Development Bank, set up by the BRICS countries, is headquartered in Shanghai. Practise the international economic organisations questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.