SSC
What does 'PVTGs' stand for in the context of India's tribal communities?
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Answer: Option D — Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
Detailed Solution
PVTGs stands for "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups", a sub-category of Scheduled Tribes who are the most vulnerable among tribal communities.
History of the category:
The Dhebar Commission (1960-61) found great inequality among Scheduled Tribes, and identified some groups as much less developed.
In 1973, the government created a separate category called "Primitive Tribal Groups" (PTGs), and 52 groups were identified in 1975-76. More were added later.
In 2006, the government renamed them "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups", as the word "primitive" was considered insulting.
Criteria for identifying PVTGs:
- Pre-agricultural level of technology (such as hunting, gathering or shifting cultivation).
- Low level of literacy.
- Economic backwardness.
- A declining or stagnant population.
Present numbers:
- There are 75 PVTGs in 18 states and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- Odisha has the largest number of PVTGs (13).
Examples:
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Great Andamanese, Onge, Jarawa, Sentinelese and Shompen.
- Odisha: Bonda, Dongria Kondh, Juang and others.
- Tamil Nadu: Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Irula, Paniyan and Kattunayakan.
- Jharkhand: Asur, Birhor, Sauria Paharia, Mal Paharia and others.
- Gujarat: Kathodi, Kotwalia, Padhar, Siddi and Kolgha.
- Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh: Baiga, Bharia and Sahariya; Abujhmaria.
Schemes for PVTGs:
"Development of PVTGs" scheme of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
"PM JANMAN" (Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan): launched on 15 November 2023 with about 24,000 crore rupees, to provide housing, roads, water, electricity, health, education and livelihoods to PVTG households.
Related abbreviations:
- ST: Scheduled Tribe (Article 342).
- NCST: National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (Article 338A, set up by the 89th Amendment, 2003).
- FRA: Forest Rights Act, 2006, which gives PVTGs habitat rights.
Why not the other options?
- ✗"Primitive Village Tribal Groups" is not the correct expansion.
- ✗"Protected Vulnerable Tribal Generations" is not the correct expansion.
- ✗"Primary Village Tribal Grants" is not the correct expansion.
Quick tip
Remember: PVTGs = Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (earlier "Primitive Tribal Groups", 1973-75; renamed 2006; 75 groups; Odisha has the most); PM JANMAN = 2023; NCST = Article 338A.
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Paintings, Crafts, Dress & Tribes — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Paintings, Crafts, Dress & Tribes, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers India's traditional painting styles (such as Madhubani, Warli, Pattachitra, Kalamkari, Gond and Tanjore), handicrafts and textiles, traditional dresses, and the major tribes of each state and their customs. It also includes Geographical Indication (GI) tags given to crafts and products. Questions usually ask which state a painting or craft belongs to, which tribe lives in a region, or what a traditional dress is called. Warli belongs to Maharashtra, Madhubani to Bihar, Pattachitra to Odisha and West Bengal, and Gond art to Madhya Pradesh. Grouping tribes by state, and noting the largest tribe of key states (such as the Bhils and the Santhals), helps with elimination. Practise the paintings, crafts and tribes questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.