SSC
'India House', a hostel and centre for Indian students and revolutionaries in Highgate, London, was established in 1905 by:
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Answer: Option D — Shyamji Krishna Varma
Detailed Solution
"India House" was established in 1905 by Shyamji Krishna Varma, in a large house at Cromwell Avenue, Highgate, in north London.
About India House:
- It served as a hostel for Indian students in London, and soon became a centre for Indian nationalists and revolutionaries.
- It was opened in July 1905 by the British socialist leader Henry Hyndman.
- Shyamji Krishna Varma offered scholarships to Indian students who would not take up government jobs.
About Shyamji Krishna Varma:
- He was born in 1857 at Mandvi, in Kutch, Gujarat.
- He was a Sanskrit scholar who studied at Oxford, and was influenced by Swami Dayananda Saraswati.
- He served as Diwan of several princely states.
- He founded the Indian Home Rule Society in London (February 1905).
- He started a monthly journal, "The Indian Sociologist", to spread nationalist ideas.
- He moved to Paris in 1907 to avoid arrest, and later to Geneva, where he died in 1930.
- In 2003, his ashes were brought back to India; a memorial, "Kranti Tirth", was built at Mandvi.
Revolutionaries of India House:
- D. Savarkar stayed there and became one of its leading figures.
Madan Lal Dhingra, Lala Har Dayal, V. V. S. Aiyar and Senapati Bapat were associated with it.
Madame Bhikaji Cama was closely connected with the group.
The end of India House:
- After a political assassination by one of its members in London in 1909, the British government cracked down on India House.
- Savarkar was arrested in 1910, and India House was closed.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Madame Cama, Lala Har Dayal and Dadabhai Naoroji were other figures active abroad.
Quick tip
Remember: India House (Highgate, London, 1905) = Shyamji Krishna Varma ("The Indian Sociologist"; Indian Home Rule Society 1905); Savarkar stayed there.
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Revolutionaries & Revolutionary Movements — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Revolutionaries & Revolutionary Movements, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the revolutionary side of the freedom struggle in India and abroad: groups such as the Anushilan Samiti, the Ghadar Party and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, revolutionaries such as Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Khudiram Bose and Surya Sen, and Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army. Questions often ask about an incident and the people involved, such as the Kakori train action (1925), the Lahore Conspiracy Case, the Chittagong armoury raid (1930) and the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly (1929). Also learn the founders and headquarters of revolutionary groups formed abroad, such as the Ghadar Party in San Francisco. Practise the revolutionaries questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.