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The communist journal 'Vanguard of Indian Independence' was the mouthpiece of:
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Answer: Option B — M.N. Roy
Detailed Solution
Roy. The journal "Vanguard of Indian Independence", later called "The Vanguard", was started by Manabendra Nath Roy in 1922. It was published from Berlin and smuggled into India to spread communist ideas.
About M.N. Roy:
- His original name was Narendra Nath Bhattacharya.
- He was born in 1887 in Bengal and was involved in revolutionary activities as a young man.
- He went abroad during the First World War to obtain arms for Indian revolutionaries.
- In Mexico, he helped found the Mexican Communist Party in 1919.
- He became an important leader of the Communist International (Comintern) and debated with Lenin on colonial questions.
- In October 1920, he and others formed a Communist Party of India at Tashkent.
His journal:
- "The Vanguard" spread Marxist ideas among Indian nationalists and workers.
- It was later renamed "The Masses of India".
Return to India:
- Roy returned to India in 1930, was arrested and sentenced in the Kanpur Conspiracy Case.
- He was released in 1936.
Later ideas:
- He broke with the Comintern and later with communism.
- He founded the Radical Democratic Party in 1940.
- He developed the philosophy of "Radical Humanism", emphasising individual freedom and reason.
Constituent Assembly idea:
M.N. Roy was among the first to put forward the idea of a Constituent Assembly for India, in 1934.
Other early communists:
S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed and Singaravelu Chettiar were early leaders of the communist movement in India and were tried in conspiracy cases.
Why not the other options?
S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed and Singaravelu Chettiar were other communist leaders, but the Vanguard was Roy's journal.
Quick tip
Remember: "Vanguard" journal = M.N. Roy (1922); he first proposed a Constituent Assembly in 1934.
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This question tests your understanding of Revolutionaries & Revolutionary Movements, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the revolutionary side of the freedom struggle in India and abroad: groups such as the Anushilan Samiti, the Ghadar Party and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, revolutionaries such as Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Khudiram Bose and Surya Sen, and Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army. Questions often ask about an incident and the people involved, such as the Kakori train action (1925), the Lahore Conspiracy Case, the Chittagong armoury raid (1930) and the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly (1929). Also learn the founders and headquarters of revolutionary groups formed abroad, such as the Ghadar Party in San Francisco. Practise the revolutionaries questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.