State PCS
The book 'Kisan Kya Karen' (What Should the Peasants Do), which urged the peasants to organise against the zamindars, was written by:
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Answer: Option A — Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Detailed Solution
The book "Kisan Kya Karen" ("What Should the Peasants Do?") was written by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, the great peasant leader of Bihar.
About the book:
- It was written in Hindi, in simple language that the peasants could understand.
- It explained the causes of the peasants' poverty, and blamed the zamindari system, high rents and illegal levies.
- It urged the peasants to unite and form Kisan Sabhas (peasant associations), to fight for their rights.
- It called for the abolition of zamindari, and for the land to belong to the tiller.
Other writings of Swami Sahajanand:
- "Mera Jivan Sangharsh" (My Life Struggle), his autobiography.
- "Kisan Sabha ke Sansmaran" (memoirs of the Kisan Sabha).
- "Jharkhand ke Kisan" and other books on the problems of peasants.
- "Gita Hridaya", a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita.
About Swami Sahajanand Saraswati:
- He was born on 22 February 1889 at Deva, in the Ghazipur district of present-day Uttar Pradesh.
- His original name was Naurang Rai.
- He became a sannyasi at a young age.
- He joined the Non-Cooperation Movement, and was imprisoned.
- He founded the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha in 1929, at Sonepur.
- He became the first President of the All India Kisan Sabha.
- He led the Bakasht struggle of the tenants of Bihar against eviction by the zamindars.
- He worked with leaders such as Jayaprakash Narayan, Rahul Sankrityayan, Karyanand Sharma and others.
- He later differed with the Congress, which he felt was dominated by zamindars.
- He died on 26 June 1950 at Muzaffarpur.
Remembrance:
He is remembered as the "Kisan Pran" (the life of the peasants), and his birth anniversary is celebrated as "Kisan Diwas" in parts of Bihar.
Other peasant leaders:
- G. Ranga was the first General Secretary of the All India Kisan Sabha.
- Baba Ramchandra led the peasants of Awadh.
- Indulal Yagnik led the peasants of Gujarat.
Why not the other options?
- ✗G. Ranga, Baba Ramchandra and Indulal Yagnik were other peasant leaders.
Quick tip
Remember: "Kisan Kya Karen" = Swami Sahajanand Saraswati (Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha, 1929; first President of the All India Kisan Sabha; autobiography "Mera Jivan Sangharsh").
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