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The first Indian National Army (INA), made up of Indian prisoners of war in South-East Asia, was formed with Japanese support in:
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Answer: Option C — 1942
Detailed Solution
The first Indian National Army (INA, or Azad Hind Fauj) was formed in 1942 in South-East Asia (Malaya and Singapore), with Japanese support.
Background:
- In December 1941, Japan entered the Second World War and attacked British territories in South-East Asia.
- In February 1942, Singapore fell to the Japanese, and about 45,000 Indian soldiers of the British Indian Army were taken prisoner.
The formation of the INA:
- An Indian officer of the British Indian Army, who had been captured in Malaya, worked with the Japanese army officer Major Iwaichi Fujiwara to form an army of Indian prisoners of war, to fight for India's freedom.
- At a gathering at Farrer Park in Singapore on 17 February 1942, Indian prisoners of war were handed over to this Indian officer.
- The INA was formally set up in September 1942, with about 40,000 soldiers.
The Indian Independence League:
- The Indian community in South-East Asia formed the Indian Independence League, and at the Bangkok Conference (June 1942), Rash Behari Bose was elected its President.
- The INA was placed under the League.
Problems:
- Differences arose between the INA leadership and the Japanese, who wanted to control the army.
- In December 1942, the first INA was disbanded, and its leader was arrested by the Japanese.
The revival:
- Rash Behari Bose kept the movement alive and invited Subhas Chandra Bose to lead it.
- Subhas Chandra Bose arrived in Singapore in July 1943 and revived and reorganised the INA.
- Under him, the INA fought on the Burma front in 1944.
NCERT on the INA:
NCERT notes that the INA was formed by Indian soldiers and civilians in South-East Asia, and that its activities inspired many Indians.
The INA trials:
After the war, the trials of INA officers at the Red Fort (1945-46) caused a huge wave of public sympathy and protest in India.
Why not the other options?
- ✗1939, 1944 and 1946 were the years of other events.
Quick tip
Remember: first INA formed in 1942 (Farrer Park, Singapore, 17 February 1942; with Major Fujiwara); revived by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1943.
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This question tests your understanding of Revolutionaries & Revolutionary Movements, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the revolutionary side of the freedom struggle in India and abroad: groups such as the Anushilan Samiti, the Ghadar Party and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, revolutionaries such as Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Khudiram Bose and Surya Sen, and Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army. Questions often ask about an incident and the people involved, such as the Kakori train action (1925), the Lahore Conspiracy Case, the Chittagong armoury raid (1930) and the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly (1929). Also learn the founders and headquarters of revolutionary groups formed abroad, such as the Ghadar Party in San Francisco. Practise the revolutionaries questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.