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The first President of the Ghadar Party, founded by Indians in the United States in 1913, was:
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Answer: Option B — Sohan Singh Bhakna
Detailed Solution
Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna was the first President of the Ghadar Party, founded by Indians in the United States in 1913.
About the founding:
- The party was founded at a meeting of Indian immigrants at Astoria, Oregon, in 1913.
- Sohan Singh Bhakna was elected its President, and Lala Har Dayal became its General Secretary.
- Pandit Kanshi Ram was its treasurer.
About Sohan Singh Bhakna:
- He was born in 1870 at Khutrai Khurd, near Amritsar, and grew up in the village of Bhakna (Amritsar district), from which he took his name.
- He went to the United States in 1909, and worked in a lumber mill in Oregon.
- He experienced racial discrimination against Indians in America, which made him a nationalist.
Later life:
- He returned to India in 1914 to take part in the planned Ghadar uprising, but was arrested on arrival.
- He was sentenced to life imprisonment in the first Lahore Conspiracy Case (1915), and spent 16 years in prison, including in the Cellular Jail in the Andamans.
- After his release in 1930, he worked for the Kirti Kisan Party and the Communist movement in Punjab, and for the peasant movement.
- He died in 1968.
About Lala Har Dayal:
- He was a scholar from Delhi who had studied at Oxford.
- He was the intellectual leader of the Ghadar Party and edited its newspaper.
- He was arrested in America in 1914, and fled to Switzerland and Germany.
Ghadar members:
Other members included Bhai Parmanand and Rash Behari Bose, who led the Ghadar plan in India.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Lala Har Dayal was the General Secretary; Bhai Parmanand and Rash Behari Bose were other leaders.
Quick tip
Remember: Ghadar Party (1913, Astoria, Oregon) = President Sohan Singh Bhakna, General Secretary Lala Har Dayal, treasurer Kanshi Ram.
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Revolutionaries & Revolutionary Movements — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Revolutionaries & Revolutionary Movements, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers the revolutionary side of the freedom struggle in India and abroad: groups such as the Anushilan Samiti, the Ghadar Party and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, revolutionaries such as Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, Ram Prasad Bismil, Khudiram Bose and Surya Sen, and Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army. Questions often ask about an incident and the people involved, such as the Kakori train action (1925), the Lahore Conspiracy Case, the Chittagong armoury raid (1930) and the bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly (1929). Also learn the founders and headquarters of revolutionary groups formed abroad, such as the Ghadar Party in San Francisco. Practise the revolutionaries questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.