The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), a revolutionary organisation of north India, was formed in October of the year:

The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), also called the Hindustan Republican Army, was formed in October 1924, by revolutionaries of the United Provinces and Bengal.

Background:

• Many young people had joined the Non-Cooperation Movement with great enthusiasm.
• When Gandhi withdrew the movement in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident, they were disappointed.
• Some of them turned to the path of armed revolution.

Founders:

• The HRA was founded by revolutionaries including Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee and others.
• Its members included Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrashekhar Azad, Rajendra Lahiri and Roshan Singh.

Its aims:

• To organise an armed revolution to overthrow British rule.
• To establish a "Federated Republic of the United States of India", based on adult franchise.
• Its manifesto, "The Revolutionary" (1925), set out its ideas.

The Kakori train robbery (1925):

• To raise money for their activities, members of the HRA stopped a train at Kakori, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925, and looted the government treasury.
• After the robbery, many members were arrested and tried in the Kakori conspiracy case.
• Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri and Roshan Singh were hanged in December 1927.
• Chandrashekhar Azad escaped and continued the struggle.

Reorganisation:

In 1928, the HRA was reorganised by younger revolutionaries, who added the word "Socialist" to its name.

NCERT on the revolutionaries:

NCERT notes that some revolutionaries, inspired by socialist ideas, believed that a revolution was necessary to end the exploitation of the people.

Why not the other options?

• ✗1919 was the year of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
• ✗1928 was the year of the reorganisation.
• ✗1931 was not the year the HRA was formed.