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Question 14 of 72 · World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies
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India signed the 'Panchsheel' agreement in 1954 with:

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Answer: Option B — China

Detailed Solution

The "Panchsheel" (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence) were first formally stated in an agreement signed between India and China on 29 April 1954.

About the Panchsheel Agreement:

  • The agreement was officially called the "Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet Region of China and India".
  • It was signed in Beijing (Peking) by representatives of both countries.
  • The five principles were championed by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, who visited India in June 1954.
  • In this agreement, India recognised Tibet as a part of China.

The Five Principles of Panchsheel:

  • Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
  • Mutual non-aggression.
  • Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs.
  • Equality and mutual benefit.
  • Peaceful coexistence.
  • The word "Panchsheel" comes from Sanskrit ("panch" = five, "sheel" = virtues or principles); it is also a term in Buddhism for five moral precepts.
  • The Panchsheel principles were included in the declarations of the Bandung Conference (Asian-African Conference) in Indonesia in 1955, and they became the basis of the Non-Aligned Movement (founded in 1961).
  • The slogan "Hindi-Chini bhai-bhai" ("Indians and Chinese are brothers") was popular at that time.

After Panchsheel:

  • Relations between India and China worsened over Tibet (the Dalai Lama fled to India in 1959) and the border dispute.
  • In October 1962, China attacked India, and the Sino-Indian War was fought along the border in Ladakh and the North East Frontier Agency (Arunachal Pradesh).
  • The Panchsheel agreement expired in 1962 and was not renewed.
  • In 2014, India and China celebrated the 60th anniversary of Panchsheel.

Other important India-China agreements:

  • Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquillity along the Line of Actual Control (1993).
  • Agreement on Confidence Building Measures (1996).

Why not the other options?

  • ✗India signed the Simla Agreement (1972) and the Indus Waters Treaty (1960) with Pakistan.
  • ✗India signed the Treaty of Peace and Friendship with Nepal in 1950.
  • ✗India signed the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord in 1987.

Quick tip

Remember: Panchsheel = India-China agreement, 29 April 1954 (Nehru and Zhou Enlai; five principles of peaceful coexistence; Bandung 1955); Simla Agreement = Pakistan 1972; India-Nepal treaty = 1950.

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World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers world GK: countries with their capitals, currencies and parliaments, national symbols, famous landmarks, the longest, largest and highest features of the world, and international boundary lines such as the Radcliffe, McMahon and Durand Lines. The most common questions match a country with its capital or currency, or a parliament with its name (such as the Knesset of Israel or the Diet of Japan). Revise countries continent by continent, giving extra attention to India's neighbours. Questions on boundary lines usually ask which two countries a line separates. Practise the world GK questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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