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The first summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held in 1961 at:

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Answer: Option A — Belgrade

Detailed Solution

The first summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held in Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia (now Serbia), from 1 to 6 September 1961.

About the Belgrade Summit:

  • It was attended by 25 countries.
  • It was hosted by President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia.
  • It is regarded as the founding of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Founders of NAM:

The five leaders considered the founding fathers of NAM are:

  • Jawaharlal Nehru (India).
  • Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia).
  • Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt).
  • Sukarno (Indonesia).
  • Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana).

Background:

The "Bandung Conference" (Asian-African Conference), held in Bandung, Indonesia, in April 1955, is considered the forerunner of NAM. It was attended by 29 newly independent Asian and African countries. Its "Ten Principles of Bandung" included the Panchsheel principles.

In 1956, Nehru, Nasser and Tito met at Brioni (Yugoslavia) and discussed the idea of non-alignment.

A preparatory meeting was held in Cairo in June 1961.

About NAM:

It is a forum of developing countries that did not want to formally align with either of the two power blocs during the Cold War: the USA-led Western bloc or the Soviet-led Eastern bloc.

The term "non-alignment" was coined by V. K. Krishna Menon in 1953 at the United Nations.

It has 120 member countries, making it the second-largest grouping of states after the United Nations. It also has 17 observer countries.

It has no formal constitution or permanent secretariat; the country holding the chairmanship coordinates its work.

Summits are held about every three years.

Important NAM summits:

  • 1st: Belgrade (1961).
  • 2nd: Cairo (1964).
  • 7th: New Delhi (1983); chaired by Indira Gandhi.
  • 18th: Baku, Azerbaijan (2019).
  • 19th: Kampala, Uganda (January 2024); Uganda holds the chairmanship (2024-2027).

India's role:

India is a founding member and has played a leading role. Prime Minister Narendra Modi skipped the 2016 and 2019 summits, though India continues to take part.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Bandung hosted the Asian-African Conference in 1955, the forerunner of NAM.
  • ✗Cairo hosted the second NAM summit in 1964.
  • ✗New Delhi hosted the seventh NAM summit in 1983.

Quick tip

Remember: first NAM summit = Belgrade, September 1961 (25 countries; Tito host); founders = Nehru, Tito, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah; Bandung Conference = 1955; New Delhi summit = 1983; 120 members.

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World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers world GK: countries with their capitals, currencies and parliaments, national symbols, famous landmarks, the longest, largest and highest features of the world, and international boundary lines such as the Radcliffe, McMahon and Durand Lines. The most common questions match a country with its capital or currency, or a parliament with its name (such as the Knesset of Israel or the Diet of Japan). Revise countries continent by continent, giving extra attention to India's neighbours. Questions on boundary lines usually ask which two countries a line separates. Practise the world GK questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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