SSC
'Janjatiya Gaurav Divas' is observed on 15 November, the birth anniversary of:
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Answer: Option C — Birsa Munda
Detailed Solution
"Janjatiya Gaurav Divas" (Tribal Pride Day) is observed on 15 November every year, the birth anniversary of the tribal freedom fighter Birsa Munda.
About Janjatiya Gaurav Divas:
- The Union Cabinet approved it in November 2021, and it was first observed on 15 November 2021.
- It honours the contributions of tribal communities and tribal freedom fighters to India's freedom struggle and culture.
- The week around it is observed as "Janjatiya Gaurav Saptah".
- In 2024-25, the government celebrated the 150th birth anniversary of Birsa Munda as "Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh".
About Birsa Munda (1875-1900):
- He was born on 15 November 1875 in Ulihatu village, in present-day Khunti district, Jharkhand.
- He belonged to the Munda tribe.
- He was revered as "Dharti Aaba" ("Father of the Earth") by his followers.
- He started a new religious faith ("Birsait"), which opposed superstitions, animal sacrifice and alcohol, and promoted monotheism.
- He led the "Ulgulan" ("Great Tumult"), the Munda rebellion of 1899-1900, against British rule and against the exploitation of tribals by landlords (dikus), moneylenders and missionaries.
- His aim was to restore the "khuntkatti" system of joint land ownership of the tribals.
- He was arrested in 1900 and died in Ranchi jail on 9 June 1900, at the age of 24.
- After the rebellion, the British passed the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908, which restricted the transfer of tribal land to non-tribals.
His portrait hangs in the Central Hall of Parliament. He is the only tribal leader so honoured.
The state of Jharkhand was formed on his birth anniversary, 15 November 2000.
Other tribal freedom fighters:
- Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu: led the Santhal rebellion (Hul) of 1855-56.
- Tantya Bhil: Bhil rebel of Madhya Pradesh, called the "Indian Robin Hood".
- Alluri Sitarama Raju: led the Rampa rebellion (1922-24) in Andhra Pradesh.
- Rani Gaidinliu: Naga spiritual and political leader.
Why not the other options?
- ✗Sidhu Murmu led the Santhal rebellion.
- ✗Tantya Bhil was a Bhil rebel.
- ✗Alluri Sitarama Raju led the Rampa rebellion.
Quick tip
Remember: Janjatiya Gaurav Divas = 15 November (Birsa Munda's birth anniversary; since 2021; Jharkhand formed 15 November 2000); Birsa = "Dharti Aaba"; Ulgulan (1899-1900).
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Important Days & Dates — Preparation
This question tests your understanding of Important Days & Dates, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.
This topic covers national and international days observed through the year, such as National Youth Day, World Environment Day and International Yoga Day, along with the themes announced for them and the events or people they commemorate. Questions ask for the date of a day, the day observed on a given date, or the person it honours (for example, National Sports Day on 29 August marks the birthday of Major Dhyan Chand). Revise days month by month in a calendar format. Themes change every year, so learn the current year's themes from current affairs. Practise the important days questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.