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Question 136 of 169 · World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies
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The Tashkent Agreement of January 1966 between India and Pakistan was mediated by:

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Answer: Option D — Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin

Detailed Solution

The Tashkent Agreement was signed on 10 January 1966 between Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistani President Ayub Khan, with the mediation of the Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin.

Background:

  • India and Pakistan fought a war in 1965, which began with Pakistan's attempt to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir (Operation Gibraltar).
  • The war ended with a ceasefire on 23 September 1965, under a United Nations Security Council resolution.
  • The Soviet Union offered to mediate a peace settlement.

The Tashkent conference:

  • It was held in Tashkent, then in the Soviet Union and now the capital of Uzbekistan.
  • The talks lasted from 4 to 10 January 1966.

Main terms of the Agreement:

  • Both countries agreed to withdraw their armed forces to the positions held before 5 August 1965.
  • They agreed to restore diplomatic relations.
  • They agreed not to interfere in each other's internal affairs.
  • They agreed to promote economic and trade relations and the repatriation of prisoners of war.
  • They agreed to settle disputes through peaceful means.

Death of Shastri:

  • Lal Bahadur Shastri died suddenly in Tashkent on 11 January 1966, the day after signing the agreement.
  • Gulzarilal Nanda became acting Prime Minister, and Indira Gandhi became Prime Minister later that month.

Criticism:

  • Many in India criticised the agreement because Indian forces had to give up important strategic positions, such as the Haji Pir Pass, captured during the war.
  • In Pakistan, it was criticised for not resolving the Kashmir issue.

Shastri's legacy:

  • He gave the slogan "Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan" during the 1965 war.
  • He was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously, the first person to receive it posthumously.

About Kosygin:

Alexei Kosygin was the Premier (Chairman of the Council of Ministers) of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1980.

Why not the other options?

  • ✗Lyndon Johnson, U Thant and Harold Wilson were world leaders at the time but did not mediate at Tashkent.

Quick tip

Remember: Tashkent Agreement (10 January 1966) = Shastri and Ayub Khan, mediated by Soviet Premier Kosygin.

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World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies — Preparation

This question tests your understanding of World GK: Countries, Capitals & Currencies, a key topic in the General Knowledge section. The detailed solution above uses a step-by-step approach to show the reasoning, and where available, a shortcut that helps you solve similar questions in under 90 seconds during the actual exam.

This topic covers world GK: countries with their capitals, currencies and parliaments, national symbols, famous landmarks, the longest, largest and highest features of the world, and international boundary lines such as the Radcliffe, McMahon and Durand Lines. The most common questions match a country with its capital or currency, or a parliament with its name (such as the Knesset of Israel or the Diet of Japan). Revise countries continent by continent, giving extra attention to India's neighbours. Questions on boundary lines usually ask which two countries a line separates. Practise the world GK questions below, written in the style of the general awareness sections of exams such as SSC, banking, railways, CUET GAT, MAH CET and CLAT. Each question comes with a detailed explanation that adds related facts, so every question helps you revise more than one point.

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